Washington Duke Was Born

On December 20, 1820, Washington Duke, patriarch of the Duke tobacco empire, was born on a farm in Orange County. In 1852, Duke built a two-story frame house for his family on a 300-acre farm on the outskirts of what is now Durham. The house was the birthplace of Duke’s only daughter, Mary Elizabeth, and his sons James Buchanan Duke and Benjamin Newton Duke. The family forever changed industry, education and philanthropy in North Carolina.

After the Civil War, Washington Duke and his sons began to process brightleaf tobacco into a form for smoking. They labeled the product “Pro Bono Publico” (For Public Good). Union soldiers who had smoked the brightleaf tobacco while in the South began ordering the Duke tobacco.

In 1884, the Duke family acquired the Bonsack cigarette-processing machine, allowing W. Duke, Sons and Company to become one of the leading cigarette producers in the country. In 1890, eldest son James Buchanan Duke arranged for the Duke company to merge with four competitors and become the American Tobacco Company. The Duke family accumulated great wealth, which they used for worthy projects including transforming Trinity College into Duke University.

Other related resources:

• The American Tobacco Company, W. Duke, Sons and Company and other articles related to tobacco from NCpedia
• A history making nap–the story of the discovery of brightleaf tobacco
• The Celebrate Tobacco Barns project and American Tobacco Plant National Register of Historic Places nomination form from the N.C. State Historic Preservation Office
• Duke Homestead State Historic Site
• Images of tobacco and farming from the State Archives

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